When you open an image, the width and height boxes show its current size. Change either one and, with the link icon on, the other follows so the picture keeps its shape. The percentage slider (1% to 500%) does the same thing proportionally: 50% halves both sides, which leaves a quarter of the pixels.
Unlocking the ratio lets you type any width and height. The image is then stretched or squeezed to fit, which distorts faces, circles and text. If you need a different shape without distortion, crop first with the Crop tool and then resize, or use a social media preset, which fits the image inside a canvas instead of stretching it.